How to Clean an Ax or Hatchet

To clean the ax head: 

• To clean your axe or hatchet first make sure that the head is thoroughly dry.  Use a cloth or paper towel to remove excess water or moisture from the axe blade.
• If there is stubborn dirt or wood sap on the head, scrape it off with a wire brush.  Large pieces can also be scraped off gently with a knife.
• If necessary, remove any remaining grime on the axe head with a solvent like vinegar, or paint thinner.
• If you spot rust, scratch it off using sandpaper or steel wool and clean any particles with a oiled cloth or paper towel.

Once the axe head is clean - you're ready to sharpen it.

For the handle:

• Clean any dirt and debris with a cloth.
• For wooden handles, low grit sandpaper can be used to smooth and remove debris.  Once clean, rub a small amount of boiled linseed oil to help preserve the wood.

Sources:

• http://www.doityourself.com/stry/cleaning-an-axe-after-use#b
• http://frontierbushcraft.com/2012/11/20/how-to-care-for-your-axe/